In the manual science teachers can find practical steps and examples of how to use the developed pedagogical tools - models, examples and experiments in their everyday educational process. The manual is based on the approach for development of comprehension in science education, in particular the development of reverse thinking and the fact that its existence is a direct sign of understanding. The manual aims to significantly ease the the job of teachers and give in their hands ready-to-use tools to support learning of students, since it is quite a difficult job to create the right models for each science concept and it may take too long to explain without them the new study subject.
A circle circumscribed around a convex polygon, we call the circle with the center of symmetry at the sides of the polygon and radius the distance ...
We can add two monomials as long as they are similar monomials. In order to do the operation we will add the coefficients of each monomial and we ...
An angle is s shape, formed by two lines or rays diverging from a common point (the vertex). ...
Area of a Rectangle = Base × Height. Area of a Square = Base × Height. Area of a Square = s2 Area of Triangle = ...
Arithmetic progression (AP) or arithmetic sequence is a sequence of numbers such that the difference between the consecutive terms is const ...
An operation on a set of elements giving an equivalent expression when elements are grouped without change of order, as (a + b) + c = a + (b + c) ...
Any of one or more lines about which a geometric figure is symmetric.
A particle whose dimensions are in the order of the micrometer that is suspended in a fluid is subject to a disorderly movement observable under a ...
It is a reference system formed by two axis perpendicular to each other that are cut at a point called the origin of coordinates. Thus, each point ...
Angle the tip of which coincides with the center O of a circle and its shoulders cross the circle at a point. ...
1. A central symmetry, centered at point O, is a movement of the plane where every point P of the plane has to map to ano ...
A chord is a segment that joins two points in a circumference. An arc is each one of the parts of the circumference in which it is divided by two ...
The radius is the distance from the center outwards. The diameter goes straight across the circle, through the center. The circumference is the di ...
Given a set of n different elements or objects. Select a subset of r elements out of n. Such selection is called the combination. A combination is ...
The "Commutative Laws" say one can swap numbers over and still get the same answer when it adds (a + b = b + a) or multiplies (a × b ...
Conic sections are flat curves obtained by the intersection of a cone and a plane. The angle that forms the plane and the axis of the cone compare ...
Decimal notation is the expression of numbers through powers of 10, it is the common method employing nine digits and zero.
An equation is a mathematical expression consisting of two terms connected by the equal sign. The two terms are called left and right sides of the ...
The factorization or decomposition of a number in prime factors is the process of decomposing the number as a product of prime numbers and powers ...
Fractal is a term coined by the mathematician Benoît Mandelbrot in 1975 (Latin fractus, "broken", from latin frangere, (break into pieces)), whic ...
A function is like a machine that has an input and an output And the output is related somehow to the input. A f ...
Geometric progression, also known as a geometric sequence, is a sequence of numbers where each term after the first is found by multiplying t ...
If points are put in a coordinate plane whose abscissa (x) is an argument for the function, but ordinate (y) is the corresponding value of the fun ...
The highest common factor of two or more positive integers is the greatest possible divisor of all of them.
An integral is a generalization of the sum of infinite summands, infinitely small. In the case of the defined integral, this sum of infinite infin ...
The least common multiple of two or more positive integers is the lowest positive integer that is multiple of all of them. ...
In analytic geometry, the intersection of a line and a plane in three-dimensional space can be the empty set, a point, or a ...
Is a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in rows and columns. The individual items are called elements or entries. ...
An ordinary fraction is a pair (a, b) of two natural numbers a and b, with b different by 0. The ordinary fraction is written a/b where a is the n ...
The parabola is the geometric location of all points in the plane that are at equal distances from a fixed point F and a fixed line l in the same ...
Angled body movement at an angle to the horizon.
Angled body movement at an angle to the horizon.
Parallel lines are two lines that are always at the same distance and never touch. ...
Permutation is the act of arranging the members of a set into a sequence or order, or, if the set is already ordered, rearra ...
Permutation is the act of arranging the members of a set into a sequence or order, or, if the set is already ordered, rearranging (reord ...
A polynomial is an algebraic expression formed by the addition or subtraction of several non-similar monomials, called terms of the polynomial. Th ...
Intersecting lines, if they intersect at a point. If the angle they form is 900, they are perpendicular. Coincident lines, if they contain the ...
Is a number that only has two factors, 1 and the number itself. If a number has more than two factors, it is called composed number.
Probability is the likelihood or chance of an event occurring. Probability is the measure of the likelihood that an event will occur. ...
Probability is a feature of a random event, and when we create the corresponding mathematical apparatus, we get that this property is described by ...
It states that the area of the square whose side is the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the areas of the squares on the other two sides. ...
Rational numbers are obtained by combining the concept of integers with the concept of fractions and decimals. That is, the set of fractions is ex ...
A rectangular coordinate system of space consists of three numbers intersecting each other in the coordinate origin O, which are perpendicular to ...
Two geometrical objects are called similar if they both have the same shape,or one has the same shape as the mirror image of the other. More preci ...
A solid of revolution is a solid figure obtained by rotating a plane curve around some straight line (the axis of revolution) that lies on the sam ...
The square root of a real nonnegative number x is the real number that, multiplied by itself (or equivalent, raised to the second power), gives th ...
A straight line is secant to another when it has non-empty intersection with it. Two straight lines cross when they are not parallel and they are ...
Thales’s theorem states that if there are two parallel straight lines and they go over an angle in two lines, it gets those lines in the same rat ...
The variation of n elements by m elements (m≤n) is called the order of m elements of the given set of n elements. Each of the two variations var ...
An Euclidean vector, is an entity endowed with a magnitude (the length of the line segment (A, B)) and a direction (the direction from A to B). In ...